EXPLANATION TEXT

 CHAPTER 8 PART 1

D. Penugasan Mandiri
Agar lebih mahir dalam menangkap makna berbagai teks eksplanasi, mari berlatih untuk memahami makna dari teks berikut ini.

Answer these questions below based on the text given correctly.

Tsunami

    Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

    A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

1. Tsunami happens because major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips

2. What are the impacts of tsunami? The impacts of Tsunami are disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning, and damage to property.

3. Mention the disturbance of tsunami! The disturbance of tsunami is that the ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline,

where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

4. From second paragraph we know that tsunami makes unfortunate event

5. The text mostly tells us about how and why tsunami happens.

E. Latihan Soal

Choose the best option A, B, C , D or E !

Teks Eksplanasi 1:

    Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

    In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

    Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a

processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

    Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m ( about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees ( trees used to produce paper ).

1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....

A. Precious metals

B. Broken glass

C. Old newspapers

D. Plastic spoons

E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling

B. It costs less to make new products

C. It requires less energy

D. It can reduce pollution

E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium

foil

B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres

E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT....

A. Skim it off

B. Dry it

C. Reuse as ink

D. Burn as boiler fuel

E. Mix it with the pulp

Teks Eksplanasi 2:

    Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

    The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

    From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

    In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

5. What is the text about?

A. The digestive system

B. The digestive juice

C. The method of the digestive system

D. The process of intestine work

E. The food substances

6. How can we swallow the food easily?

A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.

B. The food must be digested first through the process.

C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.

E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to

the places.

7. From the text above, we imply that ....

A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.

C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.

D. every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.

E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

8. Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1)

The phrase made up means ....

A. Produced

B. Managed

C. Arranged

D. Completed

E. Constructed

Teks Eksplanasi 3:

    Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

    The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

9. The text is about ....

A. the cacao tree

B. the cacao beans

C. the raw chocolate

D. the making of chocolate

E. the flavour of chocolate

10. The third paragraph focuses on ....

A. the process of producing chocolate

B. how to produce the cocoa flavour

C. where chocolate comes from

D. the chocolate liquor

E. the cacao fruit

11. ...so they are often sorted and blended to produce ... (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted

has the closest meaning to ....

A. Arranged

B. Combined

C. Separated

D. Distributed

E. Organized

12. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

A. By fermenting the beans.

B. By roasting the beans

C. By blending the beans.

D. By sorting the beans.

E. By drying the beans

Teks Eksplanasi 4:

    What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is the light used in photosynthesis?

    The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

    What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

13. What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air ...

A. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced

these compounds.

B. Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

C. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

D. Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein,

vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.

E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

14. What are photosynthesis need ....

A. Water, light, oxygen, worm

B. Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human

C. Bug, air, oxigen, food

D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

E. Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

15. What the product of photosynthesis ....

A. Sugar

B. Food and O2

C. Root

D. Food

E. Branch

CHAPTER 8 PART 2

D. Penugasan Mandiri

Untuk lebih memahami tentang penggunaan kalimat pasif yang benar, ayo kita coba

kerjakan latihan soal berikut ini.

Choose the right passive voice form!

1. Mommy cleans the room every day.

A. The room was clean by mommy every day

B. The room is clean by mommy every day

C. The room is cleaned by mommy every day

D. Mommy is cleaned the room every day

E. The room was being cleaned by mommy every day

2. My uncle fixed the toy yesterday. The passive voice of the sentence is ....

A. My uncle was fixed the toy yesterday

B. The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday

C. The toy was fix by my uncle yesterday

D. My uncle was being fixed the toy yesterday

E. The toy had been fixed by my uncle yesterday

3. Joe has taken a Mandarin course.

A. Joe has been taken a Mandarin course

B. A Mandarin course taken by Joe

C. A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe

D. Mandarin courses have taken by Joe

E. Mandarin course will be taken by Joe

4. In the 1920’s, this TV ....

A. is manufactured

B. was manufactured

C. will be manufactured

D. is going to manufactured

E. would manufacture

5. She ... to my wedding party.

A. are invited

B. have been invited

C. has been invited

D. invited

E. has invited

6. Her first novel ... tomorrow morning.

A. is launched

B. was launched

C. will be launched

D. has launched

E. have launched

E. Latihan Soal

Sekarang, ayo kita berlatih lebih banyak lagi tentang penyusunan teks eksplanasi dengan mengingat kembali bagian-bagian dari teks eksplanasi.

1. Give the generic structure of the text below by giving the name for every paragraph in boxes given.

1. Paragraph 1 General Statement

2. Paragraph 2 Sequenced Explanation

3. Paragraph 3 Sequenced Explanation

4. Paragraph 4 Closing

2. Write an explanation text telling about how rainbow is formed. Don’t forget to make a draft and include passive voices in your text.

What is Rainbow?

A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon caused by the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of light in water droplets that produces a spectrum of light that appears in the sky. Rainbows usually form colorful circular arcs.

Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the part of the sky that is directly opposite the sun.
Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer usually sees only the arc formed by the light droplets on the ground, and centered on the line from the sun to the observer’s eye.

The Process of Formation of Rainbow

Rainbow colors can be formed due to a combination of refraction and also because of the reflection of sunlight on water droplets in the atmosphere.

The angle of the light rays must be within a certain distance and just as it reaches the eye from the point where it meets. Thus, the colors of the rainbow can look colorful.

The color variation arises because of the refraction of white light produced by the sun. When light containing various spectrums of colors enters the water droplets, the colors appear.

The edges of the water droplets act as a prism, while the light is then split into wavelengths that are like a spectrum of light.

The light is then reflected from different sides of the water droplets then taking different angles it is reflected. The event eventually resulted in the length of the waves being different. Then the human eye perceives the difference in wavelength as the difference in the colors of the rainbow.

CHAPTER 8 PART 3

PENILAIAN HARIAN
FILL THE FORM BELOW CORRECTLY AND SUBMIT IT RIGHT AWAY!

Resume

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.